Influencing Factors and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Coastal Space Vitality Based on MGWR model: A Case Study of Qingdao

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Influencing Factors and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Coastal Space Vitality Based on MGWR model: A Case Study of Qingdao

Xiaoli SUN ^{1 ,*} , Jinyang WANG ¹

1 . School of Architecture, Qingdao city university, China

* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Published in Coastal Human Settlements ( Volume 3, Issue 1 )

Received: 06 April 2026 Accepted: 18 April 2026 Published: 07 June 2026

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Abstract

Urban coastal spaces serve as critical public resources, where spatial vitality acts as a primary indicator of environmental quality and social functionality. This study aims to quantify the spatial characteristics of coastal vitality and identify its multi-scale driving mechanisms to inform evidence-based urban planning. Focusing on the eastern coastline of Qingdao, we characterized spatial vitality using spatiotemporal crowd distribution data derived from Baidu Heatmaps. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to detect clustering patterns, while a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model was implemented to examine the heterogeneous influence of multi-source spatial factors. The analysis reveals a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in coastal vitality, characterized by a prominent "east-high, west-low" distribution pattern. The MGWR results indicate that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of open spaces, shoreline morphology, spatial compactness, transport accessibility, and surrounding residential density are the primary determinants, with their impact varying across different spatial scales. Compared to traditional global and local regression models, MGWR demonstrated superior goodness-of-fit and higher precision in capturing spatial non-stationarity. This research provides a methodological framework for assessing coastal human settlements and offers data-driven insights for the spatial optimization of urban waterfronts. While the study utilizes high-resolution big data, the findings are limited by the seasonal nature of crowd behavior, and future research should incorporate multi-seasonal comparisons to further validate these spatial dynamics.

Published in	Coastal Human Settlements (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.65736/chs03012
Page(s)	13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Open Access Press

Keywords

Coastal Space, Spatial Vitality, Multi-source Data, Spatial Heterogeneity, Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR)

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APA Style

SUN, X. X. , WANG, J. J. (2024). Influencing Factors and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Coastal Space Vitality Based on MGWR model: A Case Study of Qingdao. Coastal Human Settlements, 3, (1), 2. https://doi.org/10.65736/chs03012

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ACS Style

SUN, X. ; WANG, J. Influencing Factors and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Coastal Space Vitality Based on MGWR model: A Case Study of Qingdao. Mach. Learn. Res. (2024), 3, (1), 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.65736/chs03012

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AMA Style

SUN , WANG . Influencing Factors and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Coastal Space Vitality Based on MGWR model: A Case Study of Qingdao. Mach Learn Res. (2024);3(1):2. doi: https://doi.org/10.65736/chs03012

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